THE CONS OF GLOBALIZATION

Many national parks are being loved to death bogy crowds who visit them annually. Crowded conditions exist in many parks especially close to the urban areas such as Shenandoah, Virginia and the most famous parks such as Yellowstone and Yosemite. With these crowds there comes the problem of over use. The national parks and conservation association (NPCA), reported that throughout the mid to late 1980s park visits increased about 4% annually roughly a few million more visits each year. Urban units such as Golden gate National recreation area near San Francisco are under even greater pressure. Visits to these units are increasing at about 10% every year. In 1980, on estimation, 252 million recreations visits to park systems; by the year 2010 the number of visits expected to increase to rise to 500 million. Also due to crowds, the visitors suffer as often campsites litter, noise, traffic jam, water pollution and smog caused by automobile exhaust greet the visitor who come to the park precisely, is escape those conditions. Also crime (especially vandalism) and drug abuse are becoming significant problems in some park units, particularly those near urban areas. The wildlife within the parks gets threatened by diminishing or insufficient habitat, elimination by predators, and poaching. Also some of the parks are too small to support the viable population of large animals. With valuable game species and rare plants rapidly disappearing from the private lands, poachers have set their sights on the national parks. For instance the park rangers in Alaska consider trophy hunting as the chief threat to wildlife in those units and poaching cited by Managers of many parks nationwide as a serious and growing threat.

Targets for poachers include black bear, in the great smoky mountains national parks; grizzly bear, elk, golden eagle in Yellowstone; brow bear wolf and mouse in Alaska Katmai and Denali; wild ginseng a medicinal her in Shenandoah; and the cactus, rare snakes and rare lizards in saguaro and organ pipe national monuments. In recent years, the concessions system has increasingly come under fire. Concessionaires are private business licensed to sell goods and services such as food and hotel spaces in the national park. Facilities in some park units are not well maintained and park visitors often complain in the over commercialization prevalent by some concessionaires diminish the aesthetic quality of the areas. Critics maintain that concessionaires are not required to return a high

Ethical Dilemmas faced by Managers today

Managerial prerogative is a thorny issue in the human resources discourses, especially when one examines it within on ethics. Increasingly employees are largely dissatisfied with their bosses yet studies that encompass management studies and research are on the rise.  While some argument thrust that managers have done their role by stamping their authority, others reckon that privileges have been over-emphasized and abused. For the managers who over-stamp their authority and power, increased criticism from their juniors’ makes a number of them whole-up, timid, aggressive and indifferent.

With the hard economic times in consideration, employers pile pressure on employees to deliver, with managers being the crux in pendulum. Increasingly, managers experience ambivalence trying to please both sides, choosing predominantly the former.  Therefore, some bully other employees in the lower rank, thus the rising term called Workplace Bullying or Narcissism

in total  management of employees is the mandate of managers. This includes employee choice and recruitment, their classification and determination of compensation.  Beyond this, managers should instantiate employee training and capacity development besides facilitating negotiations for payment agreements and other relevant harmonization, besides initiating other corporate social responsibilities. Broadly, the phenomenon of managers’ dilemmas is broadly conceptualized overstepping their mandate in the following ways:

Today, a number of companies employ people without formalized accord and some do so at ‘at-will contracts’ interestingly, a few managers take advantage of this unfortunate affair. It is not surprising witnessing managers terminating employees for any reason they believe fit, sometimes basing their decisions on pure discrimination and ‘whistle-blowing’. This largely creates conflict in the work place and is a great violation of ethical standards. Various reports show that a good number of managers are exhibiting harassment on their subordinates, some sexual . No wonder, a number of acts and pieces of legislations the world over have prohibit discriminatory harassment including sexual harassment.

The other area where managers seem to overstep their boundaries and experience dilemma is when managing the customer relationship and employee interaction. Related to this is placing bottlenecks of employees’ communication with clients and sometimes within themselves. This is usually tailored around the ‘ebb and flow’ of communication as defined by the management. Sometimes managers consciously or unconsciously inhibit the flow of communication between workers to promote witch-hunting and cause incitement.  Most of them are not aware of the fundamental need associated with dealing with this and sometimes base their fear and defensive action on their insecurities and inferiority complex.

What is public speaking?

A public speaking is a process of speaking to a group of people in a structured, deliberate manner intended to inform, influence, inspire or entertain the listeners. Public speaking concerns ranges from a generalized worry over not being prepared to being downright terrified before stepping on stage. Therefore, public speaking is an instrumental art and a useful art that is also a skill which can be applied by an individual to better ones life, the entire family and even the society at large. To get back to the genesis of public speaking, we explore the ancient Sicily, then under the Greek control. It was during this period that the art of speaking began to be taught because of a serious practical need. According to Roswell L. Atwood, the people had just obtained their freedom from a dictator by the name Thrasybulus who took all estates of the so called his enemies and distributed them among his best friends. When later, the dictator was overthrown, the original estate possessors came forward with their claims and the courts of law were full of people demanding their rightful possessions.

It was here that the usual practice was for parties to handle the lawsuits themselves without being represented by a lawyer. So, each and every person was to conduct his own case in a court of law, stating and arguing in accordance with his ability. Those who stood better chance were plausible and eloquent citizens because they could easily secure their rights while the diffident neighbor would easily get no justice. It was this inequality in speaking ability that inspired a man named Corax to offer instructions in some of the points of law and to assist the ordinary citizen argue his case out before the court of law.

             A valid claim might be made by for an estate left in inheritance before the dictatorship but proof beyond reasonable doubt would have to be produced. Therefore, Corax helped clients in the ordinary presentation of their claims thereby arranging the details of the procedure, collecting documents and evidence until he made sure that justice was done and the rule of the law uphold. But most of his activity was instruction in speaking so as to appeal to the sense of justice.

Social Equality: Domestic Violence Entrench Gender Inequality and Discrimination

　　　　Despite male dominance and patriarchal nature of most societies, women have gained much strength and power across the world. However, concerns about culture are still often raised in relation to initiatives for gender equality in social development. Domestic violence is a prevailing social reality which represents gender discrimination. Indeed, it is appallingly, widespread due to the nature of most cultures that regard women as the fairer sex. Allan Hoffman and Randal Summers agree that domestic violence occurs across all social and economic groups and adversely affects different members of the family as well as people. Nevertheless, they see that due to culture and socialization, some constituents of human population has traditionally been at a greater risk of victimization and discrimination than others. Interestingly, most studies show that about 20 to 50 per cent of women face domestic abuse in different parts of the world.  Arguably therefore, women and girls are at a greater risk of discrimination and abuse within their families where they should feel safest.  Domestic violence against women is a prevailing social reality and it entrenches social inequality.

Domestic violence against the female gender primarily involves aggression by an intimate partner, including a inhabiting partner beyond the confines of the home Broadly, such violence occurs in many forms including sexual, physical, psychological as well as ‘‘abuse’’ of properties that belong to women. Regardless of the form of occurrence,  a person exposed to violence, there is a much possibility of her life being threatened. This occurs as she experiences a sense of powerlessness, vulnerability and in some cases, fear.

Psychological (emotional abuse) is the third form of violence against women. Victim-survivors of psychological violence is in most cases more agonized than those exposed to physical brutality. Psychological abuse is, often, characterized by mental stress leading to suicide, if not attempted suicide. In a nutshell, many women who are victims of domestic violence end up being victims of their own psychological realities.

HAZARD ANALYSIS CRITICAL CONTROL POINT SYSTEMS. (HACCP).

It is important for any food business to identify possible areas of risk and minimize or control them. This is not just out of consideration for their customers; it is also a government requirement. HACCP is an approach that has been developed to systematically identify food hazards and take action to prevent, minimize or remedy them. The aim of HACCP is to focus on potential problems and put in place specific control measures to prevent them occurring. An appropriately qualified person should carry out the analysis.

HACCP PRINCIPLES.

The approach has seven principles:

1)      Identify the hazards and assess the risk.

The first stage is to assess the risk of any hazard occurring in the food handling process. This can be done by watching each stage in the food handling processes. Assessment should cover micro-biological, physical and chemical hazards.

2)      Identify critical control points.

The next stage is to identify the points in the processes at which hazards can be effectively controlled. These are called the critical control points. The critical control points might be food handling areas, processes, or practices and procedures which, if not properly controlled could present risks to the safety of the food.

3)      Establish limits for action.

Limits need to be set on each of the controls. These will allow staff to make decisions about the safety of food items. Further action needs to be taken when anything occurs that is outside the limits. For example, if freezer temperatures’ rise above – 18 degree calicoes, action needs to be taken to protect or use the frozen foods.

4)      Monitor the controls.

It is no good identifying controls if they are not properly monitored. The method of monitoring will depend on the control but might not include observation, checking temperature, checking acidity, checking times, or even taking samples. Monitoring will normally be carried out on batches of food rather than individual food items.

5)      Taking corrective action.

Monitoring food items should identify areas where the controls are not working. In these areas, action may need to be taken to stop any risks to foods. Action might include discarding some foods, and improving procedures or equipment.

6)      Verify the procedure

An appropriate person should be appointed to carry  out the